Rubrics In Evaluating Student Works Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Rubrics In Evaluating Student Works - Case Study Example The creator refering to (Nitko, 2001) (Moskal, 2000) stated, A comprehensive rubric requires the instructor to score the general procedure or item all in all, without passing judgment on the segment parts independently. Conversely, with an investigative rubric, the educator scores discrete, singular pieces of the item or execution first, at that point aggregates the individual scores to get an all out score. Mertler, (2001) refering to Chase (1999) recommended that all encompassing rubrics are usually used when mistakes in some piece of the procedure can be endured given the general quality is high. He refered to Nitko (2001) further said that the utilization of all encompassing rubrics is presumably progressively fitting when execution errands expect understudies to make a type of reaction and where there is no conclusive right answer Subsequently when discussing generally quality all encompassing is best beside to some degree speedier scoring process than the utilization of investigative rubrics (Mertler, 2001, refering to Nitko,(2001). This is fundamentally because of the way that the instructor is required to peruse or in any case inspect the understudy item or execution just a single time, so as to get a by and large feeling of what the understudy had the option to achieve (Mertler, 2001). Mertler, 2001 refering to Nitco ( 2001) inclines toward the utilization of explanatory rubrics when reasonably... it ( 2001) inclines toward the utilization of explanatory rubrics when a genuinely engaged sort of reaction is required, that is, for performing undertakings in which there might be a couple of satisfactory reactions and imagination isn't a fundamental component of the understudies' reactions. He additionally recommended the utilization of the equivalent in making an evaluation on a multidimensional level. A rubric estimates execution and estimating execution is only one of the elements of an instructor subsequently preceding plan a particular rubric, a decision scoring comprehensively or logically should be made.

Ibn-Sina Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ibn-Sina - Research Paper Example The Samanid line managed so well until the tenth century when it started debilitating. Thusly, when Avicenna was conceived, Nuh ibn Mansur had assumed control over Sultan in Bukhara, however he was attempting to keep up control of the realm. Ibn Sina was fortunate to originate from one of the powerful families in the nation. At the hour of his introduction to the world, his dad was the legislative head of the town. Subsequently, he had the option to get great instruction with the assistance of his dad. He was additionally fortunate to have grown up nearby the absolute most learned individuals in the nation. His life story shows that Ibn Sina was a shrewd kid directly from his adolescence (Khan 3). At ten years old, he was not just ready to retain and recount the Quran, but on the other hand had the option to remember the vast majority of the Arabic verse. At just thirteen years old, Ibn Sina started considering medication. To the surprise of many, he had the option to start treating patients after only three years of his investigation. Aside from medication, he likewise contemplated transcendentalism and rationale, being educated by probably the best instructors of his time (Goodman 3). Notwithstanding, being enthusiastic of information, he had the option to promote his examinations on all zones all alone. In his personal history, we discover that Ibn Sina was for the most part self-trained despite the fact that he likewise got help from others at essential occasions. Ibn Sina stayed obscure to numerous for an extremely prolonged stretch of time. It is accounted for that his insight and abilities in medication is the thing that made him known to general society. In such manner, Goodman (4) shows that his abilities in medication caused him to get acknowledgment from Samanid ruler Nuh Ibn Mansur and the remainder of the country. His medication distributions promptly demonstrated of extraordinary incentive to the country and the past. For instance, his first signi ficant work, the group (al-Qanun fi’l-Tibb), was received by numerous colleges in Europe as a clinical reading material (Heath 23). Like in the European nations, the Islamic world additionally utilized the ordinance as a clinical course book until the early current time frame. After the accomplishment of his first significant work, the ordinance, Ibn Sina thought of another distribution, the Cure (al-Shifa’), which likewise had an enormous impact upon European researchers of the time, similar to Thomas Aquinas. As a magical rationalist of being, Ibn Sina was a scholar with a great deal of enthusiasm for understanding his reality on the planet as to his possibility (Janssens 31). Truth be told, his ways of thinking were for the most part attached in attempting to manufacture a reasonable and far reaching framework that adjusts with the strict exigencies of the Islamic culture. It is consequently that numerous individuals view him as the principal major Islamic logician. The most obvious is his philosophical explanation of God as the Necessary Existence, from which his hypothesis of the spirit, universe, and insight is based (Khan 14). Likewise, Ibn Sina verbalized an improvement in the philosophical undertaking in Islamic convention, instead of self-reproachful issues of worry for building the connection among reasoning and religion trying to comprehend key strict precepts, just as examine and decipher the Quran (Goodman 6). A few inquires about have been led in the ongoing past trying to find Ibn Sina inside the Neoplatonic and Aristotelian convention. Be that as it may, Ibn Sina firmly dismissed the previous hypothesis, in spite of tolerating Neoplatonic epistemology. In Islamic sciences, Avicenna composed a few short stories remarking on the chose sections of the Quran and parts

Essay Examples For Scholarship Applications - A Guide to Writing a Strong Essay

Essay Examples For Scholarship Applications - A Guide to Writing a Strong EssayMany applicants who are looking for ways to improve their college scholarship applications and essays often struggle with how to write the latter. It can be difficult to remember all of the relevant facts and figures that should be included, especially if you have several kids in school with whom you need to present a convincing argument.One thing that students should remember when they are writing college scholarship applications is that they should avoid vague wording. Those who want to give their essay examples for scholarship samples will need to be precise about certain details, such as the number of citations they are using and how many are necessary. But for those who are struggling to come up with examples, it is possible to take a more generalized approach and put their points into more general statements.For those who are looking for specific examples, it is best to stick to examples that people will be able to relate to. Students will need to come up with examples that are similar to the ones that people are likely to see in college publications, such as The Student, American Scholar, and Yale Law Journal. Students will also need to make sure that they include a list of terms and ideas that may not be commonly used, but that people will understand and be able to understand easily.Students who are looking for essay examples that are not commonly used should also be careful about their grammar. Use both plural and singular forms and other simple forms of grammar throughout their essay. They should also be sure to spell out their names correctly throughout the essay, although this does not have to be a painstaking task. In fact, it is better for a student to be meticulous about their essay than it is to be careless.When students are trying to come up with ideas for essays that are similar to those for scholarship samples, they should be mindful of topics that are of great int erest to others. College essay topics that are of little or no importance to the majority may actually be some of the most entertaining ones. This means that students should consider topics like movie reviews, television shows, or music for their essays.College students will also find that there are a lot of projects that they can take on that would be great examples for scholarship samples. Project competitions are great for students who want to take an active role in their education. Whether they are working on a science fair project or a literary research paper, students will find that their college scholarship applications will be very easy to write.Students will also find that having a topic that they are passionate about is the easiest way to write a good essay. Students who have a project they really care about should spend a lot of time thinking about what they would write if they were presenting the project to the university's administration. There are many different types of projects that students can do, but many will find that they will be able to make their college scholarship applications even more compelling if they are willing to take the time to think about the project.Essay samples for scholarship applications that students are able to come up with are the perfect way to impress college administrators. College administrators are going to be eager to read any essay that is impressive, so it is important for students to make sure that they are taking the time to make sure that their essay is exactly what they need it to be. If they aren't, then their essay will fall flat with the administrators and it will be much harder for them to get a scholarship when they apply.

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Politics Dissertations - Radical Feminist Argument - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4602 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Feminist theory provides more than just a discourse on the interactions of the male and female, within the public and private sphere. In fact feminist theory has considered the core problems in the legal and political systems, resulting in a discourse on the inherent inequalities of these systems that favor men over women . Therefore this discussion will consider two key areas of feminist theory which are; equality of rights; and the equality in the law. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Politics Dissertations Radical Feminist Argument" essay for you Create order In order to understand the contributions that feminism has made to political and legal theory the inequalities and injustices that feminists are aiming to eliminate must be considered. The main area of feminist theory that this discussion will consider is liberalist and Western feminism; however it is important to note that there are non-liberalist and Eastern theories of feminism but to explore these feminisms is beyond the scope of this essay. This essay will discuss the theory provided by theorists such as MacKinnon , Scales and Stanley . It will consider radical feminism and the concept of rape; and the next section will discuss the use of womens bodies either through rape law or visual norms as a way to control women. It will then consider the case study of feminist theory and the blurred distinction between the public and the private in general and then consider whether the approach taken by radical feminists goes too far and reduces the accountability of feminist theory. The f ollowing section will consider an alternative approach within feminist theory to ensure that equality and accountability is brought into the theory and then the approach to legal, social and political problems such as the states approach to rape as a means of control is taken seriously. Finally this discussion will conclude in answering the title question does radical feminism theory offer an explanation and solution to womens inherent inequality in the political and legal systems, in areas such as rape? Feminist Theory: MacKinnon approaches feminism from a standpoint that the laws that evoke equality between men and women are not enough, because they rely on the sameness principle between men and women and tries to compensate women by saying that men and women should be treated the same. However this is not enough because of the physical and biological differences which causes a problem, because the social construction of these differences that have caused an inherent inequality between men and women in the current social, cultural, political and legal system. Mackinnon also indicates the current theoretical approaches to equality and rights are not sufficient enough because they fail to recognize that the legal and judicial system is entrenched in a male domination. Hence trying to make women the same as men, rather than recognizing that men and women are different but should have basic rights that protect this difference. MacKinnon also supports leveling the playing field by giving women advantage s over men in order to counter the male dominated system . In short MacKinnon argues that the creating of laws to make women equal to men will not compete with the inherent inequalities in Western legal systems, in fact these laws will entrench the inequalities further and support the power men have in society . Scales also endorses the problems with the inherent social inequalities between men and women. She therefore sets forth the inequality approach in order to combat the structural injustices that face women in the legal system. The central area that Scales explores is the notion of stereotypes which illustrate the structural inequalities between men and women. One such set of stereotypes are the images of the breadwinner and the housewife the breadwinner, traditionally, is the husband who can successfully have a career and a family because he is not the primary carer. On the other hand, the wife stays at home and commits to childrearing and domestic duties, she can be in emp loyment but not have a successful career because of the responsibilities she has at home. Hence this results in a scenario akin to the case of Phillips v Martin Marietta Corp where the company hired males with preschool-aged children but would not hire women in that category . The other key factor of the inequality approach in addition to recognizing that there are inherent structural differences between men women, it also recognizes the extent of injustice that the system affords to women. Scales takes MacKinnons basic theory and expands it into an approach that can be adopted into legal theory and thinking in order to eliminate the structural inequalities between men and women in the legal system. Therefore making equality more achievable for women as well as leveling the playing field for women by balancing out the inherent power men have over women in the legal system. If one also considers the work of Stanley who argues that the academics of feminist theory should be made accou ntable and not fall foul of academic standards or just use the mainstream methods that are inherently biased. This form of accountable methodology will create a serious and challenging feminist theory of politics and law, which will not be scrutinized as zealous ranting or settling for the biased methods of the male hierarchy: The intellectual location from which debates and arguments are assembled and presented constitutes a point of view and the point of view critic is inevitably different from that of the proponent Recognizing this is important, because a point of view is both unavoidable and also indicates the existence of perspective: a particular way of seeing which highlights and brings into focus some thing as salient. Therefore as Stanley points out it is not only important to create a distinct feminist theory that is based upon a methodology that is accountable and not a part of the male hierarchy, as this is the only way to ensure that a feminist theory that will ensure substantive equality. Radical Feminisms Approach to the Body and Men: The general approach of radical feminism to rape is that it is a form of control and the approach of the justice system to rape and the victimization of the victim when testifying. The key factor that radical feminists argue is that this is indicative of an unequal society, where rape and other factors of male violence are examples of re-enforcing the patriarchal system. Rich argues that rape and violence against women are central to the control of women and their bodies, especially when the advancement of women in the public sphere is de-stabilizing this power base: Patriarchy is a familial-social, ideological, political system in which men by force, direct pressure or through ritual, law and language, customs, etiquette, education, and division of labour, determine what part women shall or shall not play, and in which the female is everywhere subsumed under the male. It does not necessarily imply that no woman has power, or all women in a given culture may not have certain powers. When considering other feminist theories there is an indicator that there is inherent discrimination in the legal, social and political system. Helena Kennedy in her expose of the English legal systems approach to women in rape trials seems to re-enforce this notion, where a respectable women, i.e. subservient wife or vulnerable career woman can be raped but the aggressive, assertive, sexually active woman will be exposed and not be seen as a victim: A no may be taken forgranted when a respectable woman is attacked by a total stranger in a dimly lit street, but sinc e a vast majority of rapes are committed by men known to the victim, consent in rape trails has always been an issue that makes men nervous Getting women to submit is an acceptable part of the sexual game plan That women who dressed sexily were contributory negligent or that women who did not want sex just had to keep their legs shut. Therefore the inherent discrimination pervades even violent crime against women, which has been also the case in respect to domestic violence where the justice system would shrug it off as private disputes. The problem with radical feminism is not its findings but the lack to use acceptable academic research from an objective method; it does in fact portray the reality of inequality and control. The action of rape is not about sex but control and power and the more that women threaten the patriarchal system the approach to rape and domestic violence seems to be dismissed; unless the victim falls inline with the ideal picture of a good girl. Campaigning in recent years have brought these problems to the forefront but there are problems with the attitudes of police to rape victims that may not have the purest sexual background then there is little action taken. This is closely tied to the approach of modern media and its onslaught of enslaving women to body image and the perfect Hollyw ood body, as well as the slow progress in respect to sexual harassment in the workplace, i.e. all are tied to patriarchal control of women. There is a problem with academics and policy makers approach to radical feminist theory is that it is considered to ignore the traditional approaches to academic research and theory; therefore as Stanley suggests there needs to be an accountable approach to feminist theory, which will be discussed later in this discussion. The following sections will investigate how the theory of radical feminism that pressure and control of patriarchy over women can be seen as inextricably tied to womens sexuality. Feminist Theory and Womens Bodies: Carla Rice states that [w]henever we as women look at ourselves through the lens of culture, we end up engaged in a war with our bodies, one that we cannot win. Society has inhibited our bodies and we have absorbed into our skin and bones (1999, 317) Rice introduces an interesting connection between womens bodies and culture; however the modern restraints on women and the body are not new, i.e. history has restrained the body in differing ways. The modern restraint is the attaining the body of the supermodel and not looking older than thirty years old; whereas in history it was being the chaste and innocent daughter and then the dutiful wife and nurturing mother. After the 1960s and the civil rights movements women became a dominating force of change in the workplace and educational arenas, no longer did women have to get married after high school and start a family; rather the avenues of higher education and careers beckoned women from this form of dominance in culture. In order to remedy these advertisements no longer held the 1950s perfect mother image; rather it was replaced by underfed models, such as Twiggy. This escalated to the modern era of fighting natural processes of aging and the hatred of differing body shapes. This has led to women starving themselves, damaging their body by binging and purging, paying thousands of dollars to have their skin stretched, fat pumped and bones broken and replaced. The modern era has heralded freedom in the sense of the mind; however culture has enslaved women using their body again, i.e. the reproductive functions were the prison of the past, superficial beauty is the prison of today. This imprisoning of the mind by using the body is a very old weapon used by the dominating male hierarchical system in fear that women can no longer be so easily controlled. If one considers cultures, such as the Middle East, being too fat or having a big nose is not a thing of consequence; because women are still imprisoned by their reproductive functions. The male dominated system of the West has been forced to alter cultural images and notions to further dominate women; therefore culture has had to alter by forcing women into a new box, i.e. an underfed, tall, big busted woman. The war waged on womens bodies is first a conflict over shape and size, over the terrain of our bodies, played in a deeply entrenched cultural taboos and a powerful dictate against women taking up space and claiming room of our own. This statement of Rices sums up the conflict between the advancement of women and the restraints constructed by the male dominated culture, which has to adapt to the advancement of women in the late 20th and 21st Century. Rice is correct in her evaluation of the male dominated culture adapting to imprison women from declaring their own rights and space. Case Study Women in the Public Private Spheres: Occupational segregation is being reproduced by cyclical practices which are the outcome of past conventions regarding proper relations between the sexes Occupational segregation is itself a source of stability and conventional gender identities will be reinforced by work in sex-typed occupations. The orthodox division of labour between men and women in the public and private spheres will also be reaffirmed by jobs that offer the opportunity to combine domestic with paid work that is, flexible conditions of working, part-time hours and so on. The situation of creating the level playing field has not been achieved by legal policies of equal opportunities, because the higher paid jobs usually require a large amount of commitment and inflexible working hours. This makes it very hard for mothers to enter these professions. In the case of mothers the barrier to higher employment in the professions of law, accountancy, the stock market and business is the hours are not always nine to five; because a crisis or a client may need advice at anytime. Therefore women in these professions are usually kept to the lower levels, because the fact that they may have a family will impede the commitment these employers expect from a partner or CEO. This is not necessarily the case with the actual possible employees, because the traditional role of mother and housewife is no longer the key driver for the identity of women. It is this perception that is prevalent within liberalist democracies where the structure is entrenched with male dominat ed thinking. Therefore it is this mode of thinking that needs to be changed, which means that the adoption of policies that relay equal-opportunities is not enough. This has been emphasized through the theory of thinkers, such as MacKinnon and Kymlicka . Both these thinkers advise that rights need to be afforded to disadvantaged groups that ensure that the balance the playing field against the dominant group(s) in society. Therefore this introduces policies such as quotas, whereby a certain percentage of women and other disadvantage groups must be represented at all levels of employment. For example within political parties throughout Europe and in certain sectors of Canada a quota system is used, in order to get a representative amount of women into politics . However this has been rejected by the UK and certain sectors of Canadian polity as reverse discrimination . Rejecting the quota systems and labelling them as reverse discrimination illustrates how the current political and le gal structures are only playing lip-service to the principles of equal opportunity and anti-discrimination. Institutions of business and government in the who argue against so-called reverse discrimination have failed to recognize that women are more than their traditional role of housewife and mother, because their entrenchment in traditional liberal theory views the labour market as supply and demand; where traditionally the largest supply of cheap labour is found to be women, whereby this labour is traditionally unskilled or related to the caring and domestic sectors. However in the recent years the number of women university graduates has rapidly increased, therefore provides a wealth of skilled female labour. The number of women in the skilled sectors has increased, but the higher one gets in the hierarchy there are fewer women, because of the concept of the glass ceiling for women. This barrier is not recognized in the institutions by equal opportunity policy or within the law because it is so entrenched into the social structure of the present legal and political system that is invisible, hence being called the glass ceiling. Feminism has provided a discourse that has gone farther than just making women equal to men, because in making the law gender-blind it fails to recognize the inherent power of men over women in the legal system, as well as the inherent structural inequalities. Not all feminists take the approach of MacKinnon and Scales, however their theories do recognize that there is a structural inequality of power between men and women. There is definitely a feminist political and legal theory which has recognized the structural inequalities between men and women and has tried to eliminate these inequalities through various different approaches. However feminism has provided a very important analysis of the legal system and theory by recognizing that power is inherent in the ruling group; where the only way to balance this power is to identify and eliminate the inequalities that afford the ruling group power. This is also applicable to class, caste and race inequalities and if an approach can be made in legal theory to ensure that there is a redistribution of historical burdens and benefits to disadvantaged classes then there would be an effective law of equality. Therefore feminism has provided a new dimension to liberalist legal theory is; a re-evalu ation of its structure; and a consideration of its inherent power and inequalities. This argument ties closely into the arguments presented by Stanley. Stanley argues that there is a need for accountable feminist methodology to ensure that this feminist theory is challenging the academic norms; as well as freestanding as an academic school of knowledge. Alternative Approach Necessary for Equality and Reduce Violence against Women: Nozicks Entitlement Theory Inequality is a reality for women at all levels of life, in the home, in the labor market and as a citizen of the state. The laws of liberal democratic states have set up value neutral laws that are based in an androgynous view of the sexes; however this is not the reality of situation, because the state, family and labor market is based on systemic discrimination of women, i.e. men have created the system and have inherently based the position of women, at best as second class citizens and at worst as the property of men. This has made the theory of re-distribution key to creating equality economically, socially and politically for women. Therefore this discussion will consider the theories of re-distribution and then apply them to womens social and political situations, which then should cause changes in womens social image and therefore create a situation of equality in the family. It will do this by considering Nozicks entitlement theory and adapt it in respect to feminism to cre ate an inherently indiscriminate state and a more objective approach by the justice system to rape. The core thinking of Nozick is the entitlement theory whereby there are three principles which are; the transfer principle; the acquisition principle; and the rectification principle. It must be stressed that Nozicks liberalism is entrenched in the theory of natural and core rights as set out originally be Locke. Therefore all men are created equally as derived from the state of nature but in order to create a civil society men contracted for a just system of governance with essential human rights. This is the traditional theory of the relationship between the market and the state; however this value-neutral approach fails to create equality for women. The problem of inherent inequality is because such a theory based on the free market would view re-distributive actions by the government as unjust. The main problem for this thinking is the original premise whereby Nozick assumes all p eople began as equals, because the present Western society has been created primarily by white men, therefore for there to be equality. Inequalities within the home and views on womens sexuality have been the focus for theorists that emphasize the need for a level playing field . However, on the other hand, the focus on labour market inequalities arguably may be deteriorating within the UK, due to the introduction of legislation from the early seventies to the nineties, this legislation; whereby two of the key concepts were equal pay for equal jobs and the freedom from discrimination regardless of race, religion, gender or creed. For women there was also the introduction of maternity rights, making it impossible to dismiss women or not hire women solely on the grounds of pregnancy (actual or future). This has been strengthened in the last few years with carers leave for children under five and the introduction of flexible working for parents. Therefore the current legal atmosphere promotes equality in the workplace, especially between the genders. The law in general follows from the Human Rights Act 1998; however the se equal rights are based on treating men and women the same and do not combat the inequities that are inherent in the system, which are illustrated by the fact that there are problems with sexual harassment and the prosecution of such acts. In fact in some jurisdictions such as Canada there was no legal action of sexual harassment until 1989 with the case of Janzen v Platy Enterprises . If there are problems in defining and prosecuting sexual harassment because of the traditional views of women this illustrates the problem with the Therefore it is necessary for this systemic discrimination to be tackled by re-distributive justice, which feminists such as Mackinnon purport. Therefore inequality is the key term that needs to be discussed when contemplating the validity of re-distributing resources. Re-distribution can be done by either handing out state benefits of money, housing or material items or by providing more opportunities to those that are in disadvantaged positions. Nozick and Rawls are examples of two extremes in liberalist thought; Nozick represents the true laissez-faire liberals whereby redistribution is against equal opportunities and the only way to present a just government is to follow free-market principles. Rawls, on the other hand, argues that re-distribution can be fair as long as it is just, but would not suggest quota systems or the socialist democratic state of the Scandinavian nations. This section will end by comparing the two theorists. There are other theorists such as Kymlicka who argue that re-distribution is the only manner of ensuring that inherent inequalities are eradicated in the political system. Such lines of argume nts come from feminist thinkers, such as MacKinnon . Therefore this approach would tackle rape and the current approach of the court as an example of this inherent inequality, ensuring that rape is treated seriously and a matter under an objective court rather than a court that is biased against women, using their sexual backgrounds against them when all there should be is a question of consent. Accountability: Stanleys accountable feminist knowledge and how this approach might address methodical problems of gender, these are the problems that radical feminism hold and many ward of unwarranted ranting, rather than a theoretical argument. Gender is not an a priori characteristic of social life or of people or of the content of documents; it is not in these as a by definition component of them, but instead a construction, one capable of being construed differently in different times and places, by different commentators, using different (or in deed the same) evidences. Stanleys approach to feminist knowledge is very important because it sheds the inherent methodologies of society, which are entrenched with biases of the male dominated society. In addition Stanley argues that gender is not an a priori characteristic rather it is the construction of society and dominated by male dominated methodologies, i.e. ones sex refers to the simple a priori characteristic whether one is male or female; whereas gender is the construction of how this sex should function in society, such as the Victorian and 1950s image of the male (husband) is the breadwinner and the female (wife) is the nurturer and housewife. This is a very important distinction because for too long have all academic disciplines mistaken gender and ones sex for one in the same thing. What Stanley is proposing will take a closer look at how gender is constructed and whether a feminist methodology will ensure that equality and substantive justice will be meted out fairly. One such example is the use of quantitative and hard scientific methods; whereby the only manner to ensure equality is from a value neutral approach, i.e. men and women are considered androgynous and without sex; therefore creating a system of equality. On the other hand, a more modern approach denies this value neutral approach as an example of inherently sexist methodology because it does not combat the differences between the sexes; as well as t he value neutral approach being steeped in gender stereotypes that does not truly combat the male dominated academic biases of methodology. Stanley uses the work of Rich to create and exposition of this approach and focuses on the differences in perspective, i.e. no scientific method can truly be value neutral as they are being conducted by humans and humans are inherently biased: The intellectual location from which debates and arguments are assembled and presented constitutes a point of view and the point of view critic is inevitably different from that of the proponent Recognizing this is important, because a point of view is both unavoidable and also indicates the existence of perspective: a particular way of seeing which highlights and brings into focus some thing as salient. Stanley, therefore, proposes that in order to combat these biased perspectives, where the male dominated perspective is inherent in the societal structure, there needs to an accountable feminist methodology that will provide a feminist perspective that will provide a realistic and challenging opponent to the inherent male dominated perspective. Accountability is the key because it allows for the methodology to be considered as an equal to the current academic methodologies, without accountability it will be dismissed as mere zealous ranting as opposed to a new academic method. As Stanley argues: A real debate about feminist methodology has not yet happened in particular because of the use of binaries What is needed now is an actual, real, debate, involving an exchange of ideas and the thoughtful interrogation of alternative approaches. Conclusion: At the moment because the state and economic situation is only playing lip service to equality this re-enforces the inequality in the family, work and justice system where the good girl gets justice the wife who is not only a career women, but also a cleaner, caretaker, nanny and a personal servant to her husband. Therefore the argument of radical feminism is not too far from the truth; however its methods and accountability raises questions and it gets regarded as biased and un-objective. In order for this attitude in society to change feminist theory needs to be incorporated in the state and the economy further, with re-distributive justice; the reason why feminist theorists have only been partially successful is that either the theory has no accountable basis or it is falling prey to mainstream academic methods. In order to do this feminist theory must incorporate an accountable feminist methodology , in order for feminist theory to be held as a valid theory of the state and econo mics with valid aims to create equality through realistic systemic change. By bringing true systemic change it will cause a change in social views and policy, which will bring true equality to the family home, womens sexuality and in the workplace and most importantly in the justice system for victims of rape .

Reflection and Analysis of My Works on Forced Marriage

Both my literary and non-fiction piece were based on the conflicting topic of forced marriage and seeing the obstacles being tackled .Through the influence the reporter Nick Owen, my opinion article was aimed to question the readers whether cultural issues and norms should be used as a justification to get young girls married to someone they hardly know. This is due to some people addressing this practise as a cultural† thing and opposes making it a criminal offence. Similarly my fictional story is based on the life of an ordinary girl being tricked into getting married due to financial problems and cultural issues both my pieces are for those that are interested in deep topics like forced marriage as it requires attention and concern. It is also targeted towards girls who are possibly experiencing similar troubles and want to seek guidance. Much like Bindels article â€Å"Forced Marriages Dishonour Britain† I used rhetorical interrogatives in my article â€Å"Do you think that this should be the case?† to engage with my audience by speaking to them directly, creating a conversational narrative style that makes the audience tentative and responsive. The use of imperatives and second person â€Å"you† was implied to increase the reader’s motivation and to create a passionate and determined response. This is to reassure readers that they are empathising with those that are subjected to marriage by stepping into their shoes as it helps them gain a deeper meaning of what is being opposed.Show MoreRelatedB.A.T.A.M: An Ethnographic Film Produced by Johan Lindquist1163 Words   |  5 PagesWati, one of the major participants of the interview is a young female factory worker. Another major participant, Dewi, who came from Java and used to work in an electronic factory, is currently working as a pros titute. 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Literature Review Business Communication

Question: Write about theLiterature Reviewfor Business Communication. Answer: Introduction Sustainable sources of energy are an important part of ecological development. UN has consistently focused on utilization of renewable sources energy for the future development. Sustainable development is important for human development. Renewable source of energy like sun, wind water are recognized as a major source of energy. Governments of different countries are nowadays focusing on renewable source of energy. Sustainable goals can only be met through sustainable ability of an organization to provide a balance between natural resources and the eco system. The desirable results regarding the society and the surroundings can be attained through sustainability. It has become important for the generation to develop a supportive system through a balance between the natural systems. The modern concept of sustainable development is derived from Brundtland Report (Dempsey, Nicola, Glen Bramley, Sinad Power, and Caroline Brown 2011). This concept of sustainable development has created a s ense of responsibility among the entire citizen. The term sustainability is viewed as humanitys target to bring equilibrium (Moon, Jeremy 2007). Concept of Sustainability The concept of sustainability is still a subject of criticism. There have been arguments in relation with the concept of sustainability. The concept of sustainability is opportunistically been stretched from conservation management to economic development. Some of the researchers states that the strategy related to sustainability is irrelevant and causing a substantial pressure on the public (Dobson, Andrew 2007). The concept of ecological stability is a part of managing relationship between natural and non-natural resources. The concept of sustainability focus on developing environment the fundamental requirements of human are related with management of air, water and resources. Environmental sustainability is concern with the management of natural environment and resources in an effective manner. Some philosophers state that the future generation cannot have anything until the future becomes the present (Ben Wills 2017). The future generation possesses rights to use resources in the similar manner that our present generation is using (Pearce, David, Edward Barbier, and Anil Markandya 2013). The natural environment will change regardless of the human activities. The changes in the environment have a long lasting impression on the health of an individual human activities lead to qualitative and quantitative changes. It is important to meet the present need in order to manage the future require ments. The excessive use of natural resources has created a burden on the society. In some cases many of the combination of using resources simultaneously has caused excessive depletion. There is a range of stock composition that is affecting future requirements Dincer, Ibrahim, and Marc A. Rosen 2012). Technological improvement will create a change in the overall environment. It is recommended to keep all options open to seek the advantage in terms of future development. An excessive utilization of renewable resources involves an active use of stock resulting short term reduction in stock level. Care need to be given in case of managing natural resources for the purpose of future generation(Sustainable Environment 2017). Development and Sustainability Aspects of Sustainable Living with Examples Solar energy has developed as an important aspect to the sustainable development and employment of resources. In the recent time there is a change in deployment of resources through effective utilization of renewable resources. Use of solar panels and other devices has helped in attaining sustainable results. Sun is one of the most important sources of renewable energy and identified as one of the most important part of sustainable future growth. There is a limit to the extent of natural resources. Few scholars argue that it is necessary to utilize natural resources to deploy capital asset. There is a limit on the extent to the changes in the composition of natural stock. In order to cross the limits it is evident to utilize the resources adequately. Resources are the backbone of every economy. The issue relates to resources depletion plays an important role in meeting futuristic needs. Environmental services include the sink function which assimilates a recycle the resources accordi ng to the needs. A flow in environmental resources has created a wide gap between the people and their choices. Societies are becoming more complex with the trading system. There primary focus is to convert the natural resources into financial resources. This has led to serious conflict of interest in the demand of the environmental services. At one place there is an increasing concern about the capacity of ecosystem whereas on the other hand there is an increase in consumer demand (Baumgartner, Rupert J., and Jouni Korhonen. 2010). Ecologists view environment as an essential asset for managing resources in an effective manner. Economists are largely concentrating on the market and look at the quality environment as an essential component for development. There is an excess requirement to employ resources in an effective manner that allows a balance between environmental and economic needs. The use of resources has increased the overall efficiency. An increase in use of resources has created a requirement of substitutes. Excessive utilization and transformation of resources into capital stock will create an excessive pressure on the future generation. This has led to a concept of weak and strong sustainability (Elliott, Jennifer 2012). Wind energy is one of the important source of energy creation in countries with abundant of wind energy. Countries are utilizing wind energy to reduce the burden on the fossil fuel. Win energy forms to be one of the sustainable sources of energy. The concept of weak sustainability creates a high degree of substitution. It is very well stated that the resources are well exploited in the initial stage of development. At a critical point of time the quality of environment develops multi-folded (Jordan, Andrew2008). There is an increasing concern among people in relation with the irreversible loss. The present deployment of resources over the futuristic requirement is evident for the future point of view. Strong sustainability is sometimes seen as an opposing view that assumes that two forms of resources are complementary rather than substitute. It is not possible to arrange unlimited substitution between the natural and man-made sources. It is important to give an equal attention to eve ry aspect (Loorbach, Derk 2007) the evidence in relation with the economic growth is important to evaluate the environment and its improvement. The short term studies will eventually helps in understanding the overall growth in an effective manner. Considering both the sides it is evident to give equal importance to the economic as well as environmental aspect. It is possible to find out an effective technique to manage the resources efficiently. There has been short term research in the support of economic growth leading to environmental development. Sustainability need to seen as an important parameter to evaluate the overall growth related to economic as well as environmental growth. The availability of resources is still a subjective point to make further argument (Grin, John, Jan Rotmans, and Johan Schot 2010). Conclusion To conclude it is necessary to preserve the resources for the purpose of future generation. The literature review is primarily based on the different aspects of sustainability. It majorly focuses on solar and wind as sustainable sources of energy. The present needs should be met without compromising the ability of the future generation. The topic of sustainability is wider and involves effective utilization of resources keeping in mind the futuristic needs it is not possible for the researchers to understand the future trends. The ideology behind sustainability should not base on compromise of present needs for future requirements. Solar energy is one of the important sources of energy that need to be used effectively to create a sustainable environment. In a competitive business atmosphere it is evident for an individual to use sustainable resources. Wind energy in the recent time has become a source of convertible energy. Under such a circumstance it is evident to use efficient sou rces to safe environment. References Baumgartner, Rupert J., and Jouni Korhonen. "Strategic thinking for sustainable development."Sustainable Development18, no. 2 (2010): 71-75. Ben Wills ,2017 UN leaders look to private sector for sustainable development goals cash. https://www.globalgovernmentforum.com/un-leaders-look-to-private-sector-for-sustainable-development-goals-cash/ (Accessed on: 30 April 2017) Dempsey, Nicola, Glen Bramley, Sinad Power, and Caroline Brown. "The social dimension of sustainable development: Defining urban social sustainability."Sustainable development19, no. 5 (2011): 289-300. Dincer, Ibrahim, and Marc A. Rosen.Exergy: energy, environment and sustainable development. Newnes, 2012. Dobson, Andrew. "Environmental citizenship: towards sustainable development."Sustainable development15, no. 5 (2007): 276-285. Elliott, Jennifer.An introduction to sustainable development. Routledge, 2012. Grin, John, Jan Rotmans, and Johan Schot.Transitions to sustainable development: new directions in the study of long term transformative change. Routledge, 2010. Jordan, Andrew. "The governance of sustainable development: taking stock and looking forwards."Environment and planning C: Government and policy26, no. 1 (2008): 17-33. Loorbach, Derk.Transition management: new mode of governance for sustainable development. 2007. Moon, Jeremy. "The contribution of corporate social responsibility to sustainable development."Sustainable development15, no. 5 (2007): 296-306. Pearce, David, Edward Barbier, and Anil Markandya.Sustainable development: economics and environment in the Third World. Routledge, 2013. Sustainable Environment, https://www.sustainable-environment.org.uk/Principles/Future_Generations.php (Accessed on: 30 April 2017) UN News Center,2017 UN forum highlights importance of stronger partnerships for financing sustainable development. https://www.eco-business.com/news/un-forum-highlights-importance-of-stronger-partnerships-for-financing-sustainable-development/ (Accessed on: 30 April 2017)

Joyce Kilmer And Poetry Essays - Trees, Joyce Kilmer, Simile, Poetry

Joyce Kilmer And Poetry Joyce Kilmer In Joyce Kilmers, trees, Kilmer uses many different poetry techniques, such as personification, rhythm, and similes. Using certain rhyming words Kilmer was able to give her poem a rhythm. In her poem she uses phrases like A tree that may in summer wear a nest of robins in her hair(Kilmer). Having used the words hair and wear give her poem a nice beat. One example of a simile that she uses is I think that I shall never see a poem as lovely as a tree. Having used a simile, she gives the reader an idea of how great she thinks a tree or anything in general made by God is. Throughout the poem Kilmer uses personification. Creating a feeling that the tree is alive and with emotion. She says A tree whose hungry mouth is pressed against the earths sweet flowering breast and A tree that looks at God all day and lifts her leafy arms to pray. By writing this poem Kilmer was trying to say that anything that man creates is not as nearly as wonderful as what God creates. Not even if it is as simple as a tree. Poems are made by fools like me, but only God can make a tree.(Kilmer) Music

Free Essays on How Information Technology Has Affected The Buisness World

How Information Technology Has Affected the Business World? Information technology has been continuously revolutionizing the way we live; information is now available instantaneously and in incredible amounts. The big question that remains is how these emerging technologies are affecting the personal, social, educational, and political aspects of the business world and of our lives. Probably the one aspect of Information Technology that has the largest affect on the business world is the World Wide Web [2]. The Web has basically eliminated any limits on communication around the world and has largely improved the efficiency of almost all aspects of the business industry. We see the impact of information technology on the library as the core institution of universities around the country and even the World. The World Wide Web will impact greatly upon the library whether the library wants it to or not, and this impact will in large part be dictated to the library by forces both technologically and socially based, and thus beyond the library’s overall control. The Web is changing the balance between the library as provider of information and teaching faculty as providers of education [2]. One part of the World Wide Web that has provided the business industry and the rest of the World with the most conveniences is E-mail. This has totally reshaped the marketing scheme for many businesses across the globe. â€Å"E-mail marketing campaigns are faster, cheaper and more effective than direct mail campaigns and will ultimately supersede them, according to a study from market research company Gartner Inc†[3]. Many companies still use the postal service as their primary campaigns tool, but e-mail marketing campaigns can be put together in seven to ten business days, compared with four to six weeks to complete a direct mail campaigns. Replies arrive in three days compared to an average of three to six weeks for a postal mail campaig... Free Essays on How Information Technology Has Affected The Buisness World Free Essays on How Information Technology Has Affected The Buisness World How Information Technology Has Affected the Business World? Information technology has been continuously revolutionizing the way we live; information is now available instantaneously and in incredible amounts. The big question that remains is how these emerging technologies are affecting the personal, social, educational, and political aspects of the business world and of our lives. Probably the one aspect of Information Technology that has the largest affect on the business world is the World Wide Web [2]. The Web has basically eliminated any limits on communication around the world and has largely improved the efficiency of almost all aspects of the business industry. We see the impact of information technology on the library as the core institution of universities around the country and even the World. The World Wide Web will impact greatly upon the library whether the library wants it to or not, and this impact will in large part be dictated to the library by forces both technologically and socially based, and thus beyond the library’s overall control. The Web is changing the balance between the library as provider of information and teaching faculty as providers of education [2]. One part of the World Wide Web that has provided the business industry and the rest of the World with the most conveniences is E-mail. This has totally reshaped the marketing scheme for many businesses across the globe. â€Å"E-mail marketing campaigns are faster, cheaper and more effective than direct mail campaigns and will ultimately supersede them, according to a study from market research company Gartner Inc†[3]. Many companies still use the postal service as their primary campaigns tool, but e-mail marketing campaigns can be put together in seven to ten business days, compared with four to six weeks to complete a direct mail campaigns. Replies arrive in three days compared to an average of three to six weeks for a postal mail campaig...

Ford Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Ford Australia - Essay Example Next in scheme of things lies Cost and Market analysis, which probe into questions such as the resources FPV has at its disposal, and how well it's able to use them. The key metrics identified are: differentiation of markets, closeness of substitutes, barriers to entry and modes of competition. This presentation is helpful in building a macroeconomic risk assessment module looking into the impact of factors such as inflation, CPI, interest and exchange rates, examining various risk factors, thereby understanding FPV's business development plan. At a micro-level, the analysis would entail studying of internal forces such as manpower, growing opportunities, etc. The ultimate aim of our research is to develop a competitive strategy model, which is done through Porter method. FPV is a force to reckon with, in Australia's segment of high performance cars, with brands such as GT, GT-P, Pursuit, Super Pursuit, F6 Typhoon, F6 Tornado and Force (FPV website, 2006). Its major competitor is Melbourne-based HSV. The current FPV range is a mix of turbocharged inline 6-cylinder and V8-powered Falcons. Each brand has its own conceptual framework and design, and the constant focus of the brand FPV, is to maintain benchmarks set by V8 racing cars. At this point, it is important to lay emphasis on the genetic makeup i.e. the internal structure of the corporate entity called FPV. Initially owned by the UK-based Prodrive company Tickford, FPV joined hands with Ford Australia, as its tuning division to develop itself into the niche category called Motorsport. The major aim of any business organisation is to create and sustain value, through profits. FPV is no different. In very simplistic terms, Value, for any economic entity is measured by a parameter called Economic Value Added, which is defined as the value of an activity that remains after subtracting from it, the cost of opportunity of investing consumed resources, and sovereign debts that accumulate (Stewart III, 1991). In the field of corporate finance, this translates into the following equation (Stewart III, 1991): Return on capital = Net operating profit after Tax / Weighted Average Cost of Capital. As of 2004, Ford Australia recovered a Net profit after tax of $136 mn (Porter, 2004) on shareholder equity of $592 million, and the corresponding return on capital was 26.1% which is a fairly high value in medium-growth automobile industry (Porter, 2004). Thus, it is clear in no uncertain terms, that Ford Performance Vehicles is an enterprising segment in the Performance Cars category, and there is enough scope for organic, and balanced growth in future as demand for faster cars escalate, and infrastructure develops to keep pace with the surge in demand for these vehicles. In upcoming sections, we will elaborate more on the economic analysis of our case study company. Dimensions of the Market FPV has won the 2006 Australian Performance Car of the Year award. For FPV, "diversity" is an essential ingredient in its zeal to retain excellence as laid out by its fraternal organization (FPV website, 2006), for the fiercely competitive Australian business environment. Diversity encompasses its mission-critical drive to transform the

Bruno in the East Village Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bruno in the East Village - Essay Example The people have the power to dictate the progress and operations of a restaurant as in the case of Bruno. I totally agree with that view as the people who visit the restaurants can determine its present challenges as well as enabling it to overcome them. The challenges that the restaurant faces despites its short stay is a result of their own making if what the author says is anything to go by. The poor conditions at Bruno such as uncomfortable seats marked by a long row of tables with chairs and banquettes have served to keep people away from the restaurant. The author compares the seating arrangements at the restaurant as those in the police cells and that confirms how worse the conditions are. One has to wait for a long time before their meals are served and that indicates poor customer relations. The critics who are quick to criticize all the efforts that are being undertaken by the restaurant in an effort to improve their services should not do so in haste. The restaurant should be given time to adjust to new conditions before they begin to receive negative responses from bloggers, critics, and competitors. I firmly agree that some restaurants just like other businesses are successful in making their advertisement very alluring and catchy to the eyes of the public but very little to show for it when one visits the actual places. The things that a firm shows to the public should not be very different from the actual events within their premises.

Hamlet Foils Fortinbras Essay Example for Free

Hamlet Foils Fortinbras Essay In Hamlet, one of Shakespeare’s most recognizable plays, Shakespeare portrays a great example of a literary foil between Fortinbras and Hamlet. Fortinbras, a minor character, possesses traits that emphasize Hamlet’s distinctive qualities. Fortinbras’ characteristics bring out both the worst and the best out Hamlet throughout the play. In Act IV Scene IV, Hamlet’s soliloquy points out every one of Fortinbras’ qualities that Hamlet admires. Fortinbras inspires Hamlet to be a man of action. Hamlet knows that he has been thinking too precisely on the event of killing Claudius. On the other hand, Fortinbras is ambitious and takes actions for what the believes in. For example, in the letter to the King, Young Fortinbras made it clear that he was going to get back the land his father lost. King Fortinbras’ death gave his son determination and motivation to make his father proud. Unlike Fortinbras, Hamlet just weeps over his father’s death. Hamlet continues to talk about his hatred for Claudius and vows revenge for King Hamlet’s murder, but takes no action in it. In Act III Scene III, Hamlet shows his tragic flaw, procrastination. Instead of taking advantage of the only moment Hamlet has alone with Claudius, Hamlet over thinks the situation and makes up an excuse for himself to not kill Claudius. In contrast to Hamlet’s indecisiveness, Fortinbras knows what he wants and makes it happen. For instance, for Fortinbras’ plan to invade Poland to work, he independently gathered 20,000 men for his army. Even though most of Fortinbras’ qualities contrast from Hamlet, his qualities encourage Hamlet to be at his full potential. Hamlet looked up to Fortinbras and highly respected him. Shakespeare did an excellent job of showing the foil between Fortinbras and Hamlet in his writing.

A Slice Of Life :: essays research papers

A Slice of Life Thump!Thump! There was a loud noise at the door, "Alright hold on, I'm coming." Tim yelled. Tim was in his early twenties, he had a blue mowhawk, always dressed shabby, and addicted to heroin. Tim walked to the door and opened it, "Yes." he said sarcastically. The man at the door asked if Gwen was home, "Are you Gwen's new boyfriend" Tim asked him. "Yes I am, my name is Tony" he replied. "Nice to meet you" Tim said. "No, Gwen is not here right now. I think she is still trying to get the job at that bar on 6th street" Tim replied. "Oh, well tell her that I came by and just to give me a call, OK?" Tony said. "One problem" Tim said. "Oh, and what's that?" Tony replied. "Didn't Gwen tell you?" Tim said "we don't have a phone, or a T.V or any other appliances, we are gutterpunks. Why do you think we live in this shed?" "Well I guess I will just come back later" Tony said with a strange look on his face. "Tim! Wakeup! " Gwen yelled. "Huh?" Tim replied. "Wakeup!," she yelled back. "Oh, OK" Tim yelled back. "That boy, Tony came by, looking for you, he thought we had a phone." Tim said chuckling. "You didn't tell him that we don't have a phone or the other stuff did you?!" Gwen yelled. "Um, well kinda yeah, why?" Tim questioned. " Why?" she yelled and stormed off. Gwen was the type of girl who didn't care what people thought of her, but she didn't like it when people would find out that she was poor. She had blonde hair, and was very thin. She wore sequined pants, and these funny looking shirts most of the time, unless she went out. "Gwen?, Mike, and Shirley are home. Look I'm sorry I told Tony." Tim said. "Send Shirley in." Gwen yelled back. "Shirley, Gwen wants you." Tim said. " I'll be right in" she yelled back. Shirley was an Irish girl whose parents had both died, and she was sent to America to live with her aunt, she ran away and met Mike. Shirley had red hair, and was also a weird dresser, she had a job at a library filing books. The pay was bad but she would accept anything, that would keep them alive. "I'm outside Gwen, come on out and we will talk." Shirley yelled into the shed. "What's wrong with her?" Mike asked. "Tim told her new boyfreind we were poor," Shirley replied.

American Chemical Corporation Analysis Essay

Executive Summary American Chemical Corporation’s Collinsville plant in Alabama is being sought by Dixon a speciality chemicals company. This plant mainly specialises in Sodium Chlorate production and fits well with Dixon’s strategy of supplying chemicals to paper and pulp industry. It would also complement Dixon’s existing product line. The plant costs $12million in investment and requires up to$ 2.25 million for upgrading to new technology. An in-depth investigation and analysis is conducted for both the company and the industry to accurately determine the worth of investment in the Collinsville plant. Net present values are calculated for all possible scenarios. After a thorough analysis of the data, suitable recommendations are provided. Introduction Dixon, an American specialty chemical producer, wants to buy Collinsville plant from American Chemical Corporation, another typical chemical company  in 1979. Dixon wants to diversify its product line by acquiring the aforesaid plant, which produces sodiumchlorate to supply to paper producers in South-eastern part of the US. This plant initially cost USD 12 million and additional USD 2.25 million needed to buy laminate technology to increase efficiency and profitability of the plant in order. About The Collinsville Plant American Chemical Corporation’s plant in Collinsville had the capacity to produce 40000 tons of sodium chlorate per year. Sodium chlorate is produced via the electrolytic decomposition of salt, water and energy. The important factors for us to consider regarding sodium chlorate is where the demand for this chemical comes from. 85% of demand for the product is derived from the paper and pulp industry, where it is used in the production of the bleach that is used to whiten the paper. The remaining 15% comes from its use as a soil sterilant, in uranium mining and in the production of other chemicals. Sodium Chlorate Market in USA Bargaining Power of Customers * Customers include Paper & Pulp Producing Companies like Georgia Pacific and Universal * Because of high competition among the sodium chlorate producers, the bargaining power is being increased. * The demand is also increasing at the rate of 8 to 10% per year with extra usage in the plant effluent problems of paper corporations.| Competition within Industry * Highly Competitive Market * Market Leaders like Hooker, Pennwalt, American & Kerr-McGee have more than 55% of the US Market * Huge number of small medium enterprises with active shares in the sodium chlorate market in US * Paper Companies like Universal also have their own NaClO3 plants actively participating in the competition. * Companies like Brunswick and Southern are specialised only in NaClO3 production| Threat of New Entrants * Union Chemicals and Lousiana Paper Company have already announced their entry into the competition with 40000 and 35000 tons plants respectively| Threat of Substitutes * Graphite Rods used in the production of NaClO3 are being replaced with Metal or Laminate rods. * This would eliminate graphite costs and also reduce power costs by approx. 30%| Issues surrounding Collinsville opportunity 1. Impact on revenues: Reduction in margins due to overcapacity: Although sodium chlorate prices were expected to increase, the overcapacity would cause number of tons to reduce (competition) and therefore, hit the margins. 2. Impact on costs: Increase of electricity from $0.019 in 1977 per kWh to $0.025 per kWh in 1979. Besides, due to upward revaluation of assets, depreciation was expected to increase. 3. Impact from adoption of technology: Depreciation would increase and Dixon was required to pay all costs related to the installation of laminated electrodes. 4. Impact of Financing of acquisition: Temporarily increase Debt to capital ratio to 47%. Target debt to capital ratio: 35% Valuation The Next important step is the valuation of sodium chlorate plant i.e. Collinsville Plant for Dixon Company. The given values and assumptions are summarised in the following tables: Using NPV Rule for the project – Without Laminated Electrodes [Details of the expected values is given in Exhibit 1 As the table is clearly indicating the net present value is a negative value if the Collinsville Plant is valued assuming that the graphite rods are not substituted with the laminate ones. This project may not be profitable considering this negative value. Using NPV Rule for the project – With Laminated Electrodes [Details of the expected values is given in Exhibit 2] For calculating the NPV of project in case of Laminated Electrodes, the power costs are reduced by 20%. The Graphite costs are taken as zero since there is no utilisation of graphite in the newer technology. Also the capital expenditures for first year are taken as 2.5 million $(the cost of project). Now, the NaClO3 plant in Collinsville is valued using discounted cash flow assuming the plant would operate using new replaced laminate electrodes when they become available. In this project, it is founded out that the Net present value is positive suggesting the project is profitable if $2.25mn of laminate electrodes is included in the overall $12mn deal. Calculations of Beta The systematic risk of the project could be the risk of the production of sodium chlorate in the industry. Therefore, we calculate beta of the project based on the beta of the sodium chlorate industry. The beta of Brunswick and Southern will be used to calculate the Beta un-leverd for the firm because the two firms purely produce sodium chlorate. Their Beta will be first unlevered. Then weighted average of those un-levered Betas will be used to calculate the levered beta of the firm. Debt/Equity ratio For calculating levered Beta we take Dixons target capital structure (D/E ratio of 35%). Financing by the debt package will temporarily increase Dixon’s D/E ratio to .47. But we take .35 as the D/E ratio for calculation as the company will ensure that it maintains its target D/E ratio in the long run. Monte Carlo Analysis Monte Carlo analysis is used to gauge the sensitivity of free cash flows on the Net present value of the project. This is used to simulate various sources of uncertainty inherent in the cash flows. Monte Carlo Analysis is performed on both the relevant scenarios in the case and the variations are plotted in a graph. For the Unlaminated factory After installing lamination Recommendations Basing on our detailed calculations following recommendations are made to Dixon Corporation * The net present value (NPV) of Collinsville plant (without the lamination technology) comes out as -0.89 million. Since the NPV value is negative it is advisable not invest in this project and company should pursue other alternatives. * If the new Lamination technology is installed in the Collinsville plant then the Net present value comes out as $10.919 million. This is attributed mainly to the huge savings in power and graphite costs. Even though it requires a $2.5 million extra investment, the benefits far outweigh the costs. Because of a high NPV value it is advisable to invest in the Collinsville plant and install the lamination technology. This investment will not only create synergies because of the similarity in the business but also add value to shareholders wealth. * If terminal values are taken as zero (assuming no residual value)then the NPV of Collinsville plant comes out as -$2.928 million. And after installation of lamination the NPV becomes as 3.6 million $. Because of the high NPV value in the later scenario it is advisable to implement advanced Lamination technology while investing in Collinsville plant.

6 Ways to Use the Preposition Di in Italian

While students are often taught in classrooms that the preposition â€Å"di† simply means â€Å"of†, the truth is a lot more complicated. In fact, the small, unassuming â€Å"di† can actually mean: OfFromAboutByThan 6 Common Ways to Use Di in Italian Below you’ll find the various ways that it’s used along with some examples to help you clarify how you can use it in conversation, too. 1. To Show Possession È il libro di Maria. - It’s Marias book.La nonna della mia ragazza à ¨ qua. - My girlfriend’s grandmother is here.Vado al negozio di Giovanni. - I’m going to Giovanni’s shop. â€Å"Di† can also be used to talk about creative possession in terms of the authors of books or the director of movies, like: Ho letto i libri di Rossana Campo. - I’ve read Rossana Campo’s books.Oggi leggeremo la Divina Commedia di Dante. - Today we’re going to read Dante’s Divina Commedia. 2.  To Describe What an Object Is Made Of Il tavolo di legno - Wooden tableLa spada di metallo - Metal knifeLa medaglia di bronzo - Bronze medal Note that if a material is more precious in nature, like â€Å"il marmo - marble†, then you may also use the preposition â€Å"in†. Una statua in marmo - A marble statueUna collana in oro zecchino - A pure gold necklace 3.  To Show Origin Using the Verb Essere di Nome di Città   (Name of the City) Elisa à ¨ di Napoli. - Elisa is from Napoli.Maurizio à ¨ di Prato. - Maurizio is from Prato.I Rossi sono di Catania. - The Rossis are from Catania.Sono di Portland. - I’m from Portland. 4. To Be Used With Certain Verbs Decidere di (fare qualcosa) - To decide to (do something)Avere bisogno di (fare qualcosa) - To need to (do something)Finire di (fare qualcosa) - To finish (doing something)Accorgersi di (qualcosa) - To notice (something)Innamorarsi di (qualcuno) - To be in love with (someone)Vergognarsi di (qualcosa) - To be ashamed by (something) This is not an exhaustive list of all of the verbs that are paired with the preposition â€Å"di†, but it does give you a taste of common ones. 5.  To Be Used in Fixed Phrases Di sera - During the eveningDi notte - At nightDestate - During/In the summerUn uomo di mezza età   - A middle-aged manTassa di soggiorno - Visitor tax 6. To Make Comparisons Lucia à ¨ pià ¹ alta di Marco. - Lucia is taller than Marco.La mia macchina à ¨ pià ¹ bella della tua. - My car is more beautiful than yours.Susan riesce a parlare l’italiano meglio di suo marito. - Susan is able to speak Italian better than her husband. Other Common Usages of Di in Italian Di is used in a couple of other scenarios as well. To give your shoe size Porto il 39 di scarpe. - I wear size 39 shoes. To specify measurements Vorrei 400 grammi di spinaci. - I would like 400 grams of spinach. While it might seem intimidating to realize there is a ton to learn around just one preposition, take comfort in the fact that nobody learns how to use â€Å"di†, or any pieces of the Italian language, overnight. Each student will pick up a little here and little there and over time, knowledge will accumulate, so don’t feel pressured to memorize everything right now. As the Italians say, piano, piano (bit by bit).